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FLASH GENE

Symbol

GSTM4

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 13-02-2010

HGNC name	glutathione S-transferase mu 4
HGNC id	4636

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE	component of a cluster
STRUCTURE	9.43 kb     8 Exon(s)

Genomic sequence alignment details
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
motif	Viral sequence   gene gag
text structure	promoter revealed the presence of a GGAA-microsatellite, consisting of 18 GGAA repeats (Guo 2009)
	promoter sequence variants in thegene may therefore play a role in human variation, susceptibility to diseases and the effects of drugs (Guy 2004)

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

provisional

Map	5' - GSTM4 - GSTM2 - GSTM1 - GSTM5 - 3'
Authors	Xu et al.(98)

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_000850 8 - 1441 NP_000841 - 218 - Luo (2009) NM_147148 8 - 1372 NP_671489 - 195 - Luo (2009)

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Respiratory lung

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Lymphoid

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Lymphoid/Immune lymphocyte

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

mono polymer

homomer , dimer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies

homolog to C.elegans r107.7

Homologene

FAMILY	GST superfamily
	Mu family

CATEGORY

enzyme

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm

basic FUNCTION

playing a role in proliferation and oncogenic transformation is likely specific to Ewing's sarcoma (Guo 2009)

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein

critical EWS/FLI target gene in Ewing's sarcoma (directly binds the GSTM4 promoter, and regulates GSTM4 expression through a GGAA-microsatellite in its promoter)(Luo 2009)

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --low   resulted in an increased sensitivity of Ewing's sarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a role for this protein in drug resistance (Luo 2009)

Susceptibility

to lung cancer

Variant & Polymorphism other	T2517C polymorphism in GSTM4 was shown to associate with an increased risk of developing lung cancer (Luo 2009)

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target	reduction of GSTM4 levels confer increased sensitivity to some cytotoxic agents in Ewing's sarcoma, and further suggest that inhibition of GSTM4 activity might be used in combination with chemotherapy to increase therapeutic responses in Ewing's sarcoma (Guo 2009)

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS