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FLASH GENE
Symbol GSTM4 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 13-02-2010
HGNC name glutathione S-transferase mu 4
HGNC id 4636
Location 1p13.3      Physical location : 110.198.697 - 110.208.123
Synonym name
  • glutathione S-transferase M4
  • S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase M4
  • glutathione S-alkyltransferase M4
    • Synonym symbol(s) GSTM4-4, GTM4, GTS-Mu2, MGC131945, MGC9247
    EC.number 2.5.1.18
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
    STRUCTURE 9.43 kb     8 Exon(s)
    Genomic sequence alignment details
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence Promoter
    motif Viral sequence   gene gag
    text structure
  • promoter revealed the presence of a GGAA-microsatellite, consisting of 18 GGAA repeats (Guo 2009)
  • promoter sequence variants in thegene may therefore play a role in human variation, susceptibility to diseases and the effects of drugs (Guy 2004)
    • MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
    Map 5' - GSTM4 - GSTM2 - GSTM1 - GSTM5 - 3'
    Authors Xu et al.(98)
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    8 - 1441 - 218 - Luo (2009)
    8 - 1372 - 195 - Luo (2009)
    EXPRESSION
    Type
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Respiratorylung    
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Lymphoid    
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Lymphoid/Immunelymphocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to C.elegans r107.7
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • GST superfamily
  • Mu family
    • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    basic FUNCTION
  • playing a role in proliferation and oncogenic transformation is likely specific to Ewing's sarcoma (Guo 2009)
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • critical EWS/FLI target gene in Ewing's sarcoma (directly binds the GSTM4 promoter, and regulates GSTM4 expression through a GGAA-microsatellite in its promoter)(Luo 2009)
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    resulted in an increased sensitivity of Ewing's sarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting a role for this protein in drug resistance (Luo 2009)
    Susceptibility to lung cancer
    Variant & Polymorphism other T2517C polymorphism in GSTM4 was shown to associate with an increased risk of developing lung cancer (Luo 2009)
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target reduction of GSTM4 levels confer increased sensitivity to some cytotoxic agents in Ewing's sarcoma, and further suggest that inhibition of GSTM4 activity might be used in combination with chemotherapy to increase therapeutic responses in Ewing's sarcoma (Guo 2009)
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS