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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CD55

contributors: mct - updated : 20-10-2012

HGNC name	CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)
HGNC id	2665

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_000574 10 - 2803 NP_000565 41 381 - 2006 16503113 gDAF, membrane bound shorter, V2 - splicing 1515 38 364 lung, peripheral blood, liver 2006 16503113 frameshift near the C terminus, soluble 11 exons NM_001114752 11 - 2930 NP_001108224 44 439 - 2006 16503113 sDAF V4 - - 1776 - 525 - 2006 16503113 144 STP-rich amino-acids included a part of intron 7 V5 - - 1854 - 551 - 2006 16503113 170 STP-rich amino-acids included the entire intron 7

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Endocrine pancreas         Homo sapiens Reproductive female system uterus cervix   highly   female system placenta     highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / hematopoietic bone marrow       Homo sapiens

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood/Hematopoietic erythrocyte Homo sapiens Endocrine islet cell (alpha,beta...) Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo

Text	expressed in the definitive endoderm and mesoderm in early embryo

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	four short consensus repeats (SRC), sushi structure (see F13B, SRCP1)
	four CCP modules
	an STP-rich domain

conjugated

GlycoP

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

CATEGORY

immunity/defense , antigen

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
text	glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane protein

basic FUNCTION	one of the complement regulatory factor, inhibiting the formation and amplification convertases of the complement cascade, and protecting cells from complement-mediated attack
	complement regulatory protein expressed by cells to protect them from bystander attack by complement, and it is an indicator of poor prognostic in several cancers
	CD55 inhibits the formation of C3 convertases, and CD59 prevents the terminal polymerisation of the membrane attack complex
	CD55 and CD59 restrict complement activation by inhibiting C3/C5 convertases activities and membrane attack complex formation, respectively (
	CD97 and CD55 both play important roles in tumor dedifferentiation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	binding nescent C3b and C4b at the cell surface and preventing the formation of the amplification convertases C3bbb and C4b2a
	costimulation via CD55 on human CD4+ T cells mediated by CD97
	ligand of the adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor CD97 (complement-independent interaction of CD55 with CD97 is functionally relevant and involved in granulocyte homeostasis and host defense)

cell & other

REGULATION

activated by

HBXIP, that upregulates CD46, CD55 and CD59 through p-ERK1/2/NFKB signaling to protect breast cancer from complement-dependent cytotoxicity

induced by

synergistically by FGF2 and VEGF and enhancing endothelial cytoprotection function of DAF

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

CBGI

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --low   in red blood cells from patients with paroxismal nocturne hemoglobinuria tumoral     --over   in colorectal cancer, and in rectal tumor tissues ( tumoral     --over   in primary gallbladder carcinoma constitutional     --over   in red blood cells from patients with aplastic anemia constitutional     --low   on peripheral blood leucocytes in T2DM patients with macrovascular diseases

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	elevated leukocyte CD55 may be a useful predictor of subsequent preterm labor/birth
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed neurology acquired   augmenting its expression levels could be effective therapeutically in treating multiple sclerosis as well as other T cell mediated diseases

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Cd55-deficient mice display a phenotype with about two-fold more circulating granulocytes in the blood stream, the marginated pool, and the spleen