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FLASH GENE
Symbol CALCA contributors: mct - updated : 29-03-2020
HGNC name calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha
HGNC id 1437
Location 11p15.2      Physical location : 14.988.215 - 14.993.832
Synonym name
  • katacalcin
  • neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide
  • calcitonin 1
  • calcitonin gene-related peptide I
    • Synonym symbol(s) CALC1, CGRP1, CT, KC, CGRP, CGRP-I, MGC126648, CGRP-alpha, CT, KC, PCT
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 5.69 kb     5 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status confirmed
    Map see INS ,PTH PTH
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    text calcitonin (3.4kDa) and calcitonin related peptide (3.8kDa) formed by alternative processing
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    4 - 840 - 141 - 2008 18603306
    4 - 816 - 141 - 2008 18603306
    5 - 916 - 128 - 2008 18603306
    5 - 980 - 141 - 2008 18603306
    5 - 958 - 128 - 2008 18603306
    EXPRESSION
    Type restricted
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestiveliver     Homo sapiens
    Endocrinethyroid    
    Nervousbraindiencephalonamygdala   Homo sapiens
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectiveadiposebrown   Homo sapiens
    Connectiveadiposewhite   Homo sapiens
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Endocrinethyroid C cell
    Lymphoid/Immunemacrophage Homo sapiens
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    isoforms Precursor calcitonin (3.4kDa) and calcitonin related peptide (3.8kDa) formed by alternative processing
    HOMOLOGY
    intraspecies homolog to calcitonin
    Homologene
    FAMILY calcitonin family
    CATEGORY signaling hormone
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,nucleus
    basic FUNCTION
  • involved in calcium homeostasis
  • mediating the effects of Indian Hedgehog and PTH related peptide on chondrocyte differentiation
  • potent vasodilatator and hypotensor
  • acting directly on osteoclasts to inhibit and stimulate osteoclast bone-resorbing activity
  • exerts its diverse effects on vasodilation, nociception, secretion, and motor function through a heterodimeric receptor comprising of CALCRL and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1)
  • is a mediator of neurogenic inflammation and the most powerful vasodilating neuropeptide, and has been implicated in migraine pathophysiology
  • neuropeptide distributed in bone tissue involved in bone remodeling
  • is a strong proangiogenic growth factor, thereby contributing to bone development and remodeling by promoting angiogenesis
  • encoding a 37 amino acid neuropeptide, which plays a critical role in the central nervous system
  • plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity in the amygdala and fear memory
  • may act as a modulator of bone metabolism through osteoblast and osteoclast-associated mechanisms, which result in osteoblast formation with subsequent activation of bone formation
  • in addition to its actions in the cardiovascular system, endogenous CALCA is a key regulator of metabolism and energy homeostasis
  • induces anorexia, stimulating anorexigenic neuropeptide and/or inhibiting orexigenic neuropeptide expression, through cAMP/PKA pathway activation
  • also induces energy expenditure, increasing the skin temperature and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
  • CALCA enhanced HBECs antigen uptake ability and inhibits human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) induced T cells proliferation
  • contributes to synaptic potentiation in the insular cortex (IC) and plays critical roles in migraine
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text calcium
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • TNFSF11 induces the formation of receptors for calcitonin (CALCRL) and CALCA in the bone marrow macrophages (BMM)3)
  • CALCRL acts as a receptor for the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALCA) but in order to recognize CALCA, it must form a complex with an accessory protein, receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1)
  • stimulates angiogenesis directly by activating CGRP receptors (CALCR)
  • TRPM8 signaling in mucosal sensory neurons is indispensable for the regulation of innate inflammatory responses via the neuropeptide CALCA
  • neuronal TRPV1 signaling in periodontal tissue is crucial for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis via the neuropeptide CALCA
  • TRPV3 is involved in the local thermoregulatory control of skin blood flow by initiating the release of CALCA peptide and nitric oxide in response to local heating of the skin (
  • ADAM17 is involved in the protective effect of CALCA against AGT-induced inflammation via the EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
  • NGF-induced upregulation of CALCA in orofacial pain induced by tooth movement is dependent on ATP6V0A1, and vesicle release (
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by USF1 and USF2 (important contributors to neuronal-specific and mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of the CGRP gene in trigeminal ganglion neurons)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    by hypermethylation of promoter and is a promising prognostic marker and may predict a higher risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with central nervous system (CNS) infiltration
    constitutional     --low  
    in symptomatic Diverticular disease (DD) patients
    constitutional     --over  
    in acute liver failure
    constitutional     --over  
    in pre-eclamptic (PE) sera and in PE placentae compared to healthy women
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • CALCA was more valuable than CRP for discriminating between bacteremia and non-bacteremia independent of neutropenia or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
  • serum CALCA is a highly accurate diagnostic test that can be used by physicians for rapid differentiation between bacterial and viral causes of meningitis in adults
  • DNA methylation pattern of CALCA in preterm neonates with bacterial sepsis is a putative epigenetic biomarker
    • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    neurologyneurodegenerativealzheimer
    selective agonists of CALCA may become the potential candidates for treatment of AD
    neurosensorialvisual 
    may thus be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ocular vascular diseases associated with inflammation
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
    Calca-deficient mice show increased type 2 innate lymphoid cells responses to alarmin (Il33) (