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FLASH GENE

Symbol

ELK1

contributors: mct - updated : 26-11-2014

HGNC name	ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family
HGNC id	3321

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

text	two alternatively spliced isoforms of Elk1 mRNA within the 5'UTR the 5'UTR of ELK1 mRNA is a complexed mosaic of elements like uAUGs, uORFs and RNA structure that interplay to modulate ribosomal access to the ELK1 AUG start codon (PMID: 17591614)

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_001114123 7 - 2939 NP_001107595 - 428 - 2009 19013529 NM_005229 6 - 2833 NP_005220 - 428 - 2009 19013529 NM_001257168 6 - 2056 NP_001244097 - 95 - - NM_001284310 10 - 2110

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive intestine small intestine     highly Lymphoid/Immune lymph node       moderately Reproductive female system uterus cervix   highly   male system prostate     moderately

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	N-terminal region (AAs 1–32) in the ETS domain responsible for ELK-1 dimerization in the cytosol
	a domain (Box B) mediating the interaction with serum response factor (SRF)
	a domain (Box C) regulating transcriptional activation
	many putative microtubule binding domains, with the strongest binding prediction in AAs 314-325
	a proline-rich hydrophobic motif (AAs 187–216) between the B and S domains that could be the recognition element for E3 ligases

conjugated

PhosphoP

mono polymer

heteromer , trimer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	ortholog to rattus Elk1
	ortholog to murine Elk1
	homolog to C. elegans lin-1

intraspecies

homolog to ets protooncogene 1

Homologene

FAMILY	divergent member of the winged helix-turn-helix superfamily
	ETS family of transcription factors
	ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily

CATEGORY

regulatory , transcription factor , protooncogene

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule
	intracellular,nucleus
text	anchored to neuronal microtubules in resting or unstimulated cells, and upon stimulation is phosphorylated, which relocalizes phospho-ELK1 to the nucleus in neurons

basic FUNCTION	stimulating transcription
	decreasing cell viability upon its association with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex
	involved in the regulation of immediate-early genes such as c-fos upon mitogen activation, and thus commonly implied in cell proliferation
	important for synaptic plasticity and interact with microtubules
	uses different DNA binding modes to regulate functionally distinct classes of target genes
	ELK1 and GABPA ultimately control the same biological process, but they do so by regulating different cohorts of target genes associated with cytoskeletal functions and cell migration control
	directs selective and sustained gene induction that is a substantial and critical component of growth signaling by AR in prostate cancer cells
	role of ELK1 in the differences between pluripotent stem cells with distinct X chromosome inactivation statuses.

CELLULAR PROCESS

nucleotide, transcription, regulation

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

signal transduction

	being a nuclear target for the ras-raf-MAPK signaling cascade
	CENTA1-RAS-ELK1 signaling pathway acts on mitochondria to regulate dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity in response to APP in hippocampal neurons

a component	forming a ternary complex with the serum response factor and the ETS and SRF motifs of the fos serum response element
	PTK2/ELK1 complex is found, mainly, in the cytoplasm, near the nuclear membrane periphery, raising the possibility that ELK1 may have alternative extranuclear function
	on mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylated on C-terminal serine and threonine residues by MAPK1
	associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex
	among the SENPs, ELK1 preferentially forms a complex with SENP1

INTERACTION

DNA	binding to serum response element of c-fos
	binding to purine-rich DNA sequences

RNA

small molecule

protein	a ternary complex factor 1
	SRF transcription factor
	can biochemically interact with microtubules
	binding-protein partner for PTK2, a finding that significantly broadens the potential functioning of PTK2 and ELK1
	binding of ELK1 to the SERPINE1 promoter and ELK1 phosphorylation on the Ets binding site is EGF-dependent
	SMN1 is a novel target of ELK1, and the ETS motifs in the SMN1 promoter are involved in this regulation
	RUNX1 and ELK1, two proteins with essential functions in hematopoiesis, regulate MECOM in acute myeloid leukemia
	ELK1 activated KATNB1 promoter
	FBXO25 interacts and mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the ELK1 protooncogene regulator

cell & other

REGULATION

activated by

several mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism SNP	cosegragation of T108A with mental retardation

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed neurology neurodegenerative alzheimer CENTA1-RAS-ELK1 signaling pathway is a new pharmacological target for Alzheimer disease

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS