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FLASH GENE

Symbol

TMSB4X

contributors: mct - updated : 12-04-2016

HGNC name	thymosin, beta 4, X-linked
HGNC id	11881

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE
text	escaping X inactivation
STRUCTURE	2.12 kb     3 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

confirmed

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_021109 3 - 63527 NP_066932 - 44 - -

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular heart       moderately   vessel       highly Digestive salivary gland         Homo sapiens Lymphoid/Immune spleen           thymus         Respiratory lung

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / hematopoietic bone marrow     moderately

cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion	saliva

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo, fetal

Text	heart, brain, umbilical cord

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

a central actin-binding site required for its angiogenic and wound-healing activity

conjugated

PhosphoP , Other

HOMOLOGY

intraspecies

homolog to TMSB4Y

Homologene

FAMILY

thymosin beta family

CATEGORY

regulatory , signaling hormone

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	acting as a potential actin sequestering protein with a regulatory role in actin polymerization
	inhibiting the migration of macrophages
	stimulating the secretion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
	promoting myocardial and endothelial cell migration in the embryonic heart, cardiomyocytes survival and repair
	required for the metastasis of melanoma cells
	TMSB10 and TMSB4X have been implicated in sequestration of monomeric (G-) actin
	playing an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton
	actin monomer-binding protein implicated in cell migration and angiogenesis
	may play a role in diabetic retinal neovascularization
	involved in actin sequestering and the promotion of cell migration
	prevents oxidative stress by targeting antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes in cardiac fibroblasts
	involved in endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, corneal wound healing, and stem cell differentiation
	plays a key role in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs)
	closely related to the initiation and development of the tooth germ
	is a novel regulator for primary cilia formation by NPHP3

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, differentiation
	cell life, proliferation/growth
	cell migration & motility

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

immunity/defense

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

acetylation

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	interacting with LIMS1 and ILK
	binding actin monomers (G actin)
	interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of stabilin-2 (required for stabilin-2-mediated phagocytosis)
	is a direct target of HAND1 (TMSB4X is an effector of HAND1-mediated vascular development)
	is an important MKL1 regulator that controls the G-actin-MKL1 interaction
	primary cilia formation could be regulated by TMSB4X through its interaction with NPHP3 and/or the control of NPHP3 expression

cell & other

REGULATION

induced by

alpha interferon

Other

decreased levels in THP-1 cells after treatment with recombinant interferon-lambda

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   in gastric cancer

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS