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FLASH GENE
Symbol CD99 contributors: mct - updated : 05-03-2015
HGNC name CD99 molecule
HGNC id 7082
Location Xp22.33      Physical location : 2.559.227 - 2.659.348
Synonym name
  • antigen identified by monoclonal antibodies 12E7, F21 and O13
  • CD99 antigen
  • T-cell surface glycoprotein E2
  • E2 antigen
  • MIC2 (monoclonal antibody 12E7)
  • Synonym symbol(s) MIC2X, MIC2, C2B5, 12E7, HBA71, MIC2Y, MSK5X
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    SPECIAL FEATURE escaping inactivation
    text lack of methylation
    STRUCTURE 50.12 kb     10 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    regulatory sequence cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
    Binding site   transcription factor
    text structure
  • HTF associated with the promoter region
  • NFKB2 represses Sp1-mediated transcription at the CD99 promoter
  • MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status confirmed
    Map see GCX
    regionally located located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arm
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    10 splicing 1255 32 185 - 2007 17471235
    9 splicing 1207 - 169 - 2007 17471235
    10 - 1270 - 160 - 2007 17471235
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Digestivestomach   highly
    Endocrinepancreas   highly
    Lymphoid/Immunetonsils   highly
    Nervousnerve   highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectiveadipose  highly
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood/Hematopoieticleukocyte Homo sapiens
    Lymphoid/ImmuneT cell
    Skin/Tegumentkeratinocyte
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Hydrophobic
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • a single long hydrophobic region rich in proline residues
  • conjugated GlycoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to C.elegans co6a8.3
    intraspecies paralog to CD99L2
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • CD99 family
  • CATEGORY adhesion , antigen , tumor suppressor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    text type I membrane protein
    basic FUNCTION
  • cell surface glycoprotein whose engagement has been implicated in cell proliferation as well as upregulation and transport of several transmembrane proteins in hematopoietic cells
  • cell surface glycoprotein whose engagement has been implicated in cell proliferation as well as upregulation and transport of several transmembrane proteins in hematopoietic cells
  • involved in T cell adhesion processes
  • involved in crucial processes of cancer malignancy, serving as a curtain raiser for this, so far neglected molecule
  • plays a pivotal role in the reversion of the malignant phenotype
  • acting as a potent suppressor of malignancy in osteosarcoma
  • is essential for leukocyte diapedesis
  • CD99 and CD99L2 act independently of PECAM1 in leukocyte extravasation and cooperate in an independent way to help neutrophils overcome the endothelial basement membrane
  • PECAM1 and CD99 are involved in the reverse transmigration (RT) of tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and similar mechanisms promote both diapedesis and RT
  • SEPTIN2-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and STMN1-mediated differentiation may contribute to changes in cell morphology and differentiation of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells with CD99 upregulation in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
  • endothelial CD99 signals through soluble adenylyl cyclase and PRKAA to regulate leukocyte transendothelial migration
  • CD99 and SLC3A2 oppositely regulate ITGB1 signaling
  • CD99-induced dephosphorylation of PTK2 was apparently mediated by the recruitment of PTPN11 to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of its phosphatase activity
  • important role for CD99 in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell organization/biogenesis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS immunity/defense
    text anti-pathogen response
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    mediated death signaling (novel death pathway)
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • CD99 also binds GOLGA4 9)
  • NFKB2 represses Sp1-mediated transcription at the CD99 promoter
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    may have a role in osteosarcoma development and progression
    tumoral     --over  
    contribute to the malignant properties of Ewing's sarcoma cells by promoting growth and migration of tumor cells
    tumoral     --other  
    aberrantly expressed in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS