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FLASH GENE
Symbol STX1A contributors: mct - updated : 13-02-2015
HGNC name syntaxin 1A (brain)
HGNC id 11433
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a 120 residues N terminal domain containing three long alpha helices forming an up and down bundle with a left handed twist
  • a C-terminal SNARE domain (residues 183-230) binding to Gbeta
    • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to rattus Stx1a (99pc)
    ortholog to murine Stx1a (99pc)
    homolog to Drosophila Syx1a (71pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • syntaxin/epimorphin family
    • CATEGORY storage , transport carrier
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,granule
    text granule membranes, (located on the plasma membrane)
    basic FUNCTION
  • SNARE protein, involved in the intracellular membrane transport and exocytosis process of neurotransmitters, strongly related to the cognitive processes
  • dynamically regulating N-type channel function during various steps of exocytosis
  • potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones
  • important regulator of normal in utero development, but may not be essential for normal brain function later in life
  • occurs in clusters that are different from lipid rafts in neuroendocrine plasma membranes
  • may play a critical role in neurotransmitter exocytosis
  • catalyzing neuronal exocytosis because it is clustered in the plasma membrane at sites where synaptic vesicles undergo exocytosis
  • dual role of VAMP1, SNAP25, STX1A in exo- and endocytosis suggests that SNARE proteins may be molecular substrates contributing to the exocytosis-endocytosis coupling, which maintains exocytosis in secretory cells
  • novel mode of binding between CAPS1 and syntaxin-1, which play a crucial role in neurosecretion
  • cell death upon STXBP1, STX1A, or SNAP25 loss occurs via a degenerative pathway unrelated to the known synapse function of these proteins and involving early cis-Golgi abnormalities, distinct from apoptosis
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS exocytosis transport , cellular trafficking transport
    text
  • protein transporter
  • intracellular protein transport
  • neurotransmitter transport
  • regulation of insulin secretion
    • PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • constituent of a synaptic core complex with synaptosome associated proteins and synaptobrevin
  • component of the presynaptic SNARE complex
    • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • SNAP25
  • PSEN1
  • VAMP2
  • CPLX1
  • SYTL4
  • STXBP6
  • VAMP8
  • SNAP23
  • VAPA
  • SYBU
  • functional interactions between STX1A and CACNA1B calcium channels are critical for fast neurotransmitter release in the mammalian brain
  • very intimate STX1A-ABCC9 interactions are critically important for myocardial protection during stress, in which profound changes in metabolic factors (pH, ATP) could modulate these STX1A-ABCC9 interactions
  • STXBP1 is a central regulator of neurotransmitter release, interacting with STX1A and APBA1
  • NCOA6 inhibits likely regulated exocytosis through the interaction of its C2 domain with STX1A and SNAP25, potentially competing with other SNARE-binding, C2 domain-containing accessory proteins such as SYT1 and by directly inhibiting trans-SNARE complex formation
  • STXBP1 plays a dual role in transporting syntaxin-1A (STX1A) to the plasma membrane and regulating SNARE-mediated membrane fusion
  • role for STXBP1 in facilitating exocytosis linked to the loop region of domain 3a that is clearly distinct from its function in STX1A transport
  • PTPRT could regulate the interaction of STXBP1 with STX1A, and as a result, the synaptic vesicle fusion appeared to be controlled through dephosphorylation of STXBP1
    • cell & other
  • N-type Ca2+ channels
    • REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional   deletion    
    in Williams syndrome
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS