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FLASH GENE
Symbol PPARD last update : 06-11-2009
HGNC name peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
HGNC id 9235
Location 6p21.31
Synonym name
  • peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta
  • nuclear hormone receptor 1
  • nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2
    • Synonym symbol(s) NUC1, PPARB, NR1C2, FAAR, MGC3931, NUCI, NUCII
    DNA RNA EXP/sub-loc PROTEIN PATHOLOGY
    DNABack to top
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 85.62 kb     11 Exon(s)
    10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status confirmed
    Physical map
    LOC391914 6 similar to Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (Cytokeratin 18) (K18) (CK 18) CYCSL1 6p21.31 cytochrome c, somatic-like 1 HMGA1 6p21.3 high mobility group AT-hook 1 MGC57858 6p21.31 hypothetical protein MGC57858 LOC391915 6 hypothetical gene supported by U12465; NM_007209 NUDT3 6p21.2 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 3 RPS10 6p21.3 ribosomal protein S10 PACSIN1 6p21.3 protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 SPDEF 6p21.3 SAM pointed domain containing ets transcription factor C6orf106 6p21.31 chromosome 6 open reading frame 106 MGC4614 6p21.31 hypothetical protein MGC4614 LOC391916 6 hypothetical gene supported by BC001032; NM_001014 SNRPC 6p21.2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C C6orf107 6p21 chromosome 6 open reading frame 107 TAF11 6p21 TAF11 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 28kDa ANKS1 6p21.31 ankyrin repeat and SAM domain containing 1 TCP11 6p21.2 t-complex 11 (mouse) CEGF3 6p21.3 CUB domain and EGF-like repeat containing 3 ZNF76 6p21.2 zinc finger protein 76 (expressed in testis) DEF6 6p21.33-p21.1 differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog (mouse) PPARD 6p21.2-p21.1 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, delta MKRNP2 6p21.1 makorin, ring finger protein, pseudogene 2 FANCE 6p22-p21 Fanconi anemia, complementation group E RPL10A 6p21.3 ribosomal protein L10a TEAD3 6p21.2 TEA domain family member 3 TULP1 6p21.3 tubby like protein 1 LOC389382 6 similar to Rps15a protein FKBP5 6p21.3-p21.2 FK506 binding protein 5 C6orf81 6p21.31 chromosome 6 open reading frame 81 LOC389383 6 similar to AAAL3045 LOC340204 6p21.31 similar to precursor peptide CLPS 6p22-p21.1 colipase, pancreatic MGC33835 6p21.31 hypothetical protein MGC33835 SRPK1 6p213-p21.2 SFRS protein kinase 1 SLC26A8 6p21 solute carrier family 26, member 8 MAPK14 6p21.2 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 MAPK13 6p21.1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 BRPF3 6p21 bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 3 PNPLA1 6p21.31 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 1 LOC389384 6 similar to RIKEN cDNA 4930539E08 ETV7 6p21 ets variant gene 7 (TEL2 oncogene )
    RNABack to top
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionauthors
    NM_177435 7 splicing 1977 NP_803184 40 361 - Skogsberg
    distinct and shorter C terminus
    NM_006238 8 - 3328 NP_006229 49 441 - Skogsberg
    EXPRESSION / SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATIONBack to top
    Type widely
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan 1organ 2organ 3organ 4level
    Lymphoid/Immunespleen   highly
    Reproductivefemale systemovary  highly
     female systemplacenta  highly
    Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
    Skin/Tegumentskin    
    Urinarybladder   highly
    cells
    SystemCell
    Skin/Tegumentkeratinocyte
    cell lineage preadipocytes
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus
    PROTEINBack to top
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • N-terminal zinc finger C4 domain
  • C-terminal ligand binding domain
    • mono polymer heteromer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies
     
    intraspecies
     
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family
  • NR1 subfamily
    • CATEGORY receptor
    basic FUNCTION
  • gateway receptor modulating PPARA and PPARG activities
  • potent transrepressive activity
  • controlling fatty acid oxidation by regulating genes involved in fatty acid transport in skeletal muscles, thereby ameliorating obesity and insulin resistance
  • involved in the adaptive metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to environmental changes, such as long-term fasting or physical exercise, by controlling the number of oxidative myofibers
  • PPARD signaling does play an important role in the ceramide-induced stimulation of ABCA12 expression in keratinocytes (Jiang 2009)
    • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, transcription, regulation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism lipid/lipoprotein
    signaling hormonal
    a component
  • heterodimerizing with RXR
    • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • with PPARGC1(inducing expression)
  • physically associating with KLF5
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by AP1 (expression of PPARD is increased by AP1 activation) (Jiang 2009)
    other downregulated by APC through beta-catenin/TCF4 inactivation
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERSBack to top
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     over  
    in colorectal carcinoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
  • PPARdelta agonists may have therapeutic usefulness in metabolic syndrome by increasing fatty acid consumption and decreasing obesity
  • PPAR-delta agonists may have a potential for treating inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes (Fan 2008)
    • animal or cellular model targeted disruption of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta results in growth, adipose, brain and skin alterations