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FLASH GENE
Symbol ALB contributors: mct - updated : 31-01-2017
HGNC name albumin
HGNC id 399
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES globular
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • the N-terminal domain I (DI) is important for optimal FCGRT binding
  • three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped molecule
  • C-terminal domain III (DIII) of human serum albumin (HSA) contains the principal binding site for FCGRT
  • mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • serum albumin family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , transport carrier
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,Golgi
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • Albumin accumulation in early endosomes was independent of FCGRT-binding affinity, but differences in FCGRT-binding affinities significantly affected the ALB distribution between late endosomes and lysosomes
  • basic FUNCTION
  • putative downregulated c-Myc target gene
  • functioning primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and playing a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume
  • represents a very abundant and important circulating antioxidant
  • HSA (human serum albumin) is the most abundant carrier protein in blood plasma and plays an important role in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
  • serum albumin possesses chaperone-like properties and that this activity is maintained under a number of physiologically relevant conditions
  • negative correlation between albumin and fat mass seems to exclude a significant contributing role of adipocyte in plasma albumin
  • normal albumin serves a role in preventing histone-induced platelet aggregation in a charge-dependent manner
  • is an abundant blood protein that acts as a transporter of a plethora of small molecules like fatty acids, hormones, toxins, and drugs
  • is the most abundant protein in plasma, which plays a central role in drug pharmacokinetics because most compounds bound to ALB in blood circulation
  • plays a key role as a transport protein
  • presence of serum albumin in human eye tissues suggests its involvement in the metabolism, maintenance of tissue volume, and antioxidant reactions
  • is the most abundant plasma protein involved in the transport of many compounds, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and heme
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component as ALB has been known to preserve the motility of sperm, native ALB-PIP complex formation may point towards an important role of PIP, which can directly be correlated with male fertility/infertility
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
  • down-regulated by ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid)
  • protein
  • CELF1, a known RNA binding protein, binds to the ALB 3&
  • 8242;UTR
  • ALB is the most abundant protein in plasma and is glycated by glucose
  • extending serum half-life of ALB by engineering neonatal Fc receptor (FCGRT) binding
  • FCGRT protects albumin from intracellular degradation via a pH-dependent cellular recycling mechanism
  • serum albumin can act as carrier protein for phenylacetic acid
  • ALB-GHRL interaction reduces the spontaneous deacylation of the hormone
  • ghrelin binds to serum ALB and this interaction impacts on the biological activity of the hormone
  • cellular ALB internalization was proportional to FGRT expression and albumin-binding affinity
  • FCGRT-dependent endosomal cellular-sorting pathway has great importance in describing fundamental mechanisms of intracellular ALB recycling
  • cell & other
  • binding fatty acids, modulated among structural variant
  • REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) ANALBA , HZD , FDAH
    related resource Albumin mutation database
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --low  
    reduced prealbumin is associated with bone mineral density in women with osteoporosis
    constitutional     --over  
    in overt hypothyroidism (OHT) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) in comparison to euthyroid controls
    constitutional     --over  
    of IMA in newborns born to pre-eclamptic mothers as compared to those born to normal mothers
    constitutional     --over  
    elevated IMA level was associated with IUGR
    Susceptibility to coronary heart disease(CHD)
    Variant & Polymorphism other polymorphisms may be protective against the development of CHD
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related with the pathogenesis of disease and correlated with the severity of the disease
  • ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and AVP detection is clinically useful in the early diagnosis and prognosis of acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP)-related myocardial injury and in guiding early clinical drug application
  • elevated levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) can be a clinically useful marker of protein oxidative damage and oxidative stress (OS) in hypothyroidism
  • IMA may act as a marker of ischemia and oxidative stress in newborns delivered to pre-eclamptic mothers
  • may also be a valuable marker in perinatal hypoxia and IUGR detection
  • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS