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FLASH GENE

Symbol

TRH

contributors: mct - updated : 17-03-2014

HGNC name	thyrotropin-releasing hormone
HGNC id	12298

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Corresponding disease	TRHD thyrotropin releasing hormone deficiency
Location	3q22.1      Physical location : 129.693.113 - 129.696.776
Synonym name	protirelin
	prothyroliberin
	TSH-releasing factor
Synonym symbol(s)	MGC125964, MGC125965

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE	arranged in tandem
STRUCTURE	3.55 kb     3 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	Binding site
text structure	PKC and ERK signaling thus modulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity and its interaction with CREB or AP1 at the TRH gene promoter

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

provisional

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_007117 3 - 1890 NP_009048 - 242 - 2004 15328193

EXPRESSION

Type	restricted

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Reproductive female system ovary         female system uterus cervix     Respiratory lung         Visual eye

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Blood / hematopoietic bone marrow

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

precursor with six repetitive potential TRH coding sequences

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

CATEGORY

signaling hormone

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,granule
	intracellular,nucleus

basic FUNCTION	tripeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus in response to hypothyroidism
	may function as a melanoma autocrine growth factor
	role of the TRH neuron as a central integrator of energy homeostasis
	regulates energy homeostasis and autonomic responses
	stimulates the release of prolactin as well as that of TSH
	selectively stimulates human hair follicle pigmentation
	inhibits melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons by increasing synaptic inhibition from local GABA neurons, and inhibition of MCH neurons may contribute to the TRH-mediated reduction in food intake and sleep

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

hormonal

thyroid

a component

most proximal component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that regulates thyroid hormone synthesis

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	hypothalamic neuronal histamine mediates the TRH-induced suppression of feeding behavior
	PPARG modulates hypothalamic TRH regulation
	KLF4 plays a key role in the maturation of TRH expression in hypothalamic neurons
	TRH is a highly specific regulator of TSHB, and TRH mediated induction of TSHB, at least in part by sequential stimulation of the NR4A1-TSHB genes through a PKC and ERK1/2 pathway
	in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is regulated by thyroid hormone (TH)
	CREB1 has been postulated to regulate TRH expression
	TGFB2 regulates hypothalamic TRH expression through the TGFbeta inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1) during fetal development

cell & other

REGULATION

activated by

by leptin (involves activation of STAT3 and this signaling pathway is important for regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis by leptin)

Other

in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is regulated by thyroid hormone (TH)

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

TRHD

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --over   by melanomas and dysplastic nevi

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene

Marker

Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS