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FLASH GENE

Symbol

GRHL3

contributors: mct - updated : 29-04-2019

HGNC name	grainyhead-like 3 (Drosophila)
HGNC id	25839

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular vessel         Homo sapiens Digestive mouth       highly Endocrine parathyroid       highly Respiratory respiratory tract larynx     highly

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular endothelial cell Homo sapiens

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

mono polymer

homomer , heteromer , dimer

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

grainyhead family of transcription factors

CATEGORY

transcription factor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm
	intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm

basic FUNCTION	may function as a transcription factor during development
	regulates formation of the epidermal leading edge during eyelid closure
	GRHL3 and LMO4 play coordinate roles in epidermal migration
	may play important roles in mammalian development
	cooperative roles of the GRHL genes in epidermal development
	required for endothelial cell migration
	nitric oxide dependent migration is completely dependent on GRHL3 expression, in breast cancer cells
	IRF6 and GRHL3 are essential for the presence of a functional oral periderm and that failure of this process contributes to VWS
	is essential during epidermal development, is dispensable for adult skin homeostasis, but required for barrier repair after adult epidermal injury
	contributions of GRHL3, SSTR2 and SSTR4 receptors in olfactory processing

CELLULAR PROCESS

nucleotide, transcription

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

development

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

TFAP2A-IRF6-GRHL3 genetic pathway is shared by two embryologically distinct morphogenetic events that previously were considered independent during mammalian development

a component

homodimers and heterodimers with GRHL1 and GRHL2

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	LMO4 serves as a functional partner of GRHL3
	GRHL3/GET1 recruits the ubiquitously expressed Trithorax complex to a subset of differentiation genes
	major role for GRHL3 in the induction of migration and invasion by the downregulation of CDH1 in cancer cells

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

VWS3

Susceptibility

to nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate

Variant & Polymorphism other	dominant GRHL3 mutations are more likely to cause nonsyndromic than syndromic CPO

Candidate gene
Marker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer reproductive breast new therapeutic strategies with the aim to conserve GRHL3 expression in the vasculature

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

	Grhl3-/- embryos have only oral epithelial adhesions because of the loss of periderm
	mice lacking Grhl3 have an exacerbated epidermal damage response, greater sensitivity to disease induction, delayed resolution of epidermal lesions