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FLASH GENE

Symbol

REG1A

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 20-11-2024

HGNC name	regenerating islet-derived 1 alpha
HGNC id	9951

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE
text	reg family members REG1B, REGL, PAP and this gene are tandemly clustered on chromosome 2p12
STRUCTURE	2.92 kb     6 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
text structure	promoter region CpG methylation was shown to regulate REG1A expression in melanoma cells

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

N

status

confirmed

Map	pter - REG1B - REG1A - REGL - DDEF2 - cen
Authors	Miyashita (95)

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_002909 6 - 821 NP_002900 - 166 - 2000 10753861 a 22 aa signal peptide of 2.5 kda a 144 aa mature peptide of 16.3 kda

EXPRESSION

Type

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive pancreas exocrine       highly Homo sapiens   stomach         Endocrine pancreas islet of Langerhans       Urinary kidney       highly Homo sapiens

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Epithelial secretory glandular exocrine

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Endocrine islet cell (alpha,beta...)

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

fetal, growth/childhood

Text	highly in fetal and infant brains

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

a C-type lectin domain

conjugated

GlycoP

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to rattus Reg1 (69.6 pc)
	homolog to murine Reg1 (74.5 pc)

Homologene

FAMILY	pancreatic stone protein family, secreted proteins containing a C-type lectin domain family
	Reg gene family, type I subclass

CATEGORY

regulatory , signaling growth factor

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	plasma membrane
	intracellular
	intracellular,nucleus
	intracellular,nuclear envelope
text	mainly localized around the nucleus and at the membrane of cell bodies and neurites
	colocalizes with exostosin tumor-like 3 (EXTL3), its putative receptor, at the membrane of these cells

basic FUNCTION	involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation (Watanabe 1990)
	might act as an inhibitor of spontaneous calcium carbonate precipitation
	may be associated with neuronal sprouting in brain, and with brain and pancreas regeneration
	may act as one of the tumor promoter and contribute to the aggressive nature of pancreatic carcinoma, especially in the subpopulation with diabetes
	plays a role in proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and carcinogenesis of cells of the digestive system
	plays an important role in aberrant cell proliferation and TNFSF11 expression of synovial fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in pannus formation
	involvement of autoimmunity to REG1A, a regeneration factor, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
	plays an important role in tissue regeneration and in cell proliferation in epithelium origin tumors
	restore mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis after light damage (LD)-induced damage, suggesting its potential application in the prevention and treatment of retinal vision loss

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	may play a pivotal role in anti-apoptosis in gastric tumorigenesis under STAT3 activation
	binds DUSP1 and regulates CCND1 in pancreatic-derived cells
	PSMB1 is part of the transcriptional machinery required for gastrin stimulated expression of SERPINB2 and REG1A, and its change in subcellular distribution in response to gastrin is consistent with this role
	may play a role in the maintenance of mucosal barrier function by inducing tight junction proteins such as CLDN3 and CLDN4

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --over   highly mRNA expression in brains with Alzheimer's disease (de la Monte 1990) constitutional     --other   expressed in Barrett's esophagus (Chinuki 2008) constitutional     --over   during the very early stages of Alzheimer disease, and REG1A deposits were detected in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease constitutional     --over   in regenerating pancreatic islets constitutional     --over   in type 1 diabetes patients and type 2 diabetic subjects with anti-REG1A antibodies in 47p100 of type 1 diabetes constitutional     --over   substantially increased in the inflamed colorectal tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients tumoral     --low   in Gastric Cancer tumoral     --over   in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal samples, associated with shorter recurrence times and poor survival

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	REG1A protein levels can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Celiac disease
	can be used as a marker of recurrence and prognosis in bladder cancer
	is a potential biomarker for ER stressed pancreatic beta cells, as in the case of Wolfram syndrome
	REG1A levels could be a novel biomarker for assessment of renal function in pregnant women
	potential use of REG1A as a sepsis biomarker
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer skin   epigenetic regulation of the REG1A promoter region may offer a potential therapeutic approach to improve chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma patients immunology inflammatory   restoration of normal physiological REG1α expression may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis amelioration neurosensorial visual retina potential application in the prevention and treatment of retinal vision loss immunology inflammatory   REG1A controlled by IL6/IL22-JAK-STAT3 signaling may provide a promising therapeutic target for patients with IBD cancer digestive stomach may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for GC cancer urinary   REG1A targeting in bladder cancer patients represents a promising therapeutic strategy

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

Reg1 is significantly upregulated in the liver of the 2-AAF/PH rat model, accompanied by the formation of bile ductules during liver regeneration