| basic FUNCTION
| stimulating GUCY2D at micromolar concentration of Ca2+ for retinal specific activity |
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S100B contributes to OPC (oligodendrocyte progenitor cell) differentiation in response to demyelinating insult |
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involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation |
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may play a role in the phosphorylation state of cytoskeletal proteins |
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promote beta amyloid precursor protein overexpression  |
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can contribute to neurofibrillary tangles formation in Alzheimer disease and in all other conditions in which neuroinflammation may have a crucial role |
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calcium-binding protein with both extracellular and intracellular regulatory activities in the brain |
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EF-hand protein that undergo a calcium-induced conformational change allowing them to interact with other proteins and produce a biological response |
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possible function of S100B in assisting the cytoplasmic processing of proteins for proper folding and subcellular localization |
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plays an important role in modulation and differentiation of neuronal and glial cells |
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likely contributes to cancer progression by down-regulating the tumor suppressor protein, TP53 |
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can function as an alternative Ca2+ sensor for the potassium channel |
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reduces myoblast apoptosis in an MEK-ERK1/2, AKT1, JNK, and NFKB-dependent manner |
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might act an unconventional cytokine or a damage-associated molecular pattern protein playing a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory brain diseases |
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might participate in the pathophysiology of brain inflammatory disorders via RAGE-dependent regulation of several inflammation-related events including activation and migration of microglia |
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exerts pro-survival or pro-apoptotic effects depending on the concentration reached in the extracellular millieu ( |
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alters neuronal survival and dendrite extension via AGER-mediated NFKB signaling |
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stimulates myoblast proliferation and inhibits myogenic differentiation by activating FGFR1 in a bFGF-dependent manner |
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dimeric EF-hand protein that undergoes a calcium-induced conformational change and exposes a hydrophobic protein-binding surface |
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association of S100A1, and to a lesser extent S100B, with the human articular chondrocytes (HAC) differentiated phenotype |
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S100A1 and S100B are dispensable for endochondral ossification during skeletal development, most likely because their deficiency may be masked by other S100 proteins which have similar functions |
| a component
| dimer of either two alpha chains, or two beta chains, or one alpha and one beta chain |
|
S100B formed a complex with TP53 in the presence of MDM2 |
| protein
| STK38 |
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interacting with a variety of target proteins, including the cytoskeletal proteins tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein |
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interacts with the tubulin homologue FtsZ (E.Coli) modulating its activity in bacterial cell division |
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interacting with DRD2 (enhances receptor signaling) |
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transcriptional target of the SOX trio (SOX5, SOX6, SOX9) and mediate its inhibition of terminal differentiation of chondrocytes |
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binding to the TP53 tetramerization domain ( |
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S100B-ATAD3A interaction could significantly increase the calcium affinity by decreasing the off rate of calcium, which was observed previously for S100B and for other S100-target protein interactions |
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interaction between S100B and the N-terminal domain of MDM2, dependent on calcium |
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binds to KCNH1 and shares the same binding sites with Calmodulin |
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S100B receptor is AGER |
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binding of S100B to AGER results in stimulation of AGER anti-mitogenic and promyogenic signaling |
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binding partner of the dopamine D2 receptor |
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S100A1, S100A2, S100A6, and S100B proteins specifically interact with PPP5C-tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain |
| Other morbid association(s)
|
| Type | Gene Modification | Chromosome rearrangement | Protein expression | Protein Function
|
|---|
| constitutional
|
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| |
chromosomal rearrangements implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes | | constitutional
|
|
| --over
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in the amnion of pre-eclamptic patients and patients with pre-eclampsia with IUGR | | tumoral
|
|
| --over
|
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found in malignant melanoma contribute to cancer progression by down-regulating TP53 activity | | tumoral
|
|
| --over
|
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in malignant melanoma and to a lesser extent in thyroid carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma | | constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
| |
associated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, renal insufficiency (RI) and an adverse prognosis in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients | | constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
| |
early elevations (up to 3 days) of S100B and ENO2 secondary to severe traumatic brain injury, predict deterioration to brain death, but more prominently associated with ENO2 than S100B | | constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
| |
in patients with structural lesions resulting from mild traumatic brain injuries | |
| Susceptibility
|
to bipolar affective disorder with psychosis (BPAD) |
| Variant & Polymorphism
other
| variants predisposing to a psychotic subtype of BPAD, possibly via alteration of gene expression |
|
rs3788266, a functional promoter variant in the S100B gene where the presence of the G allele promotes increased gene expression and is associated with increased serum levels of the protein, strogly associated with BPAD |
| 
|
| Candidate gene
| for dyslexia |
|
parameter of glial activation and/or death in several conditions of brain injury |
| Marker
| S100A1 and S100B expression are marker to develop potency assays for cartilage regeneration cell therapies |
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increased serum GFAP, S100B, ENO2 are associated with acute CO poisoning, and these biomarkers can be useful in assessing the clinical status of patients with CO poisoning |
Therapy target
|
| |
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| mice deficient of both the S100a1 and S100b genes displayed normal skeletal growth from embryonic stage to adulthood |
