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FLASH GENE
Symbol FA2H contributors: mct/shn - updated : 17-04-2013
HGNC name fatty acid 2-hydroxylase
HGNC id 21197
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain and four potential transmembrane domains
  • a iron-binding histidine motif conserved among membrane-bound desaturases/hydroxylases
  • a sterol desaturase domain at residues 210–367
    • conjugated HemoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to yeast ceramide 2-hydroxylase gene (FAH1)
    ortholog to Fa2h, Mus musculus
    ortholog to Fa2h, Rattus norvegicus
    ortholog to FA2H, Pan troglodytes
    ortholog to fa2h, Danio rerio
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • cytochrome b5 family
  • SCS7 family
    • CATEGORY enzyme
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria,outer
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endoplasmic reticulum
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic,microsome
    text EGFP-FA2H fusion protein co-localized with calnexin, indicating that the enzyme resides in the endoplasmic reticulum
    basic FUNCTION
  • catalyzes the 2-hydroxylation of myelin galactolipids, galactosylceramide, and its sulfated form, sulfatide
  • membrane bound hemoprotein which function as an electron carrier for membrane bound oxygenase
  • involved in the formation of myelin 2-hydroxy galactosylceramides and -sulfatides
  • accounts for 2-hydroxyceramide/2-hydroxyglucosylceramide synthesis in epidermis and is required for epidermal permeability barrier formation
  • catalyze the initial step of straight chain fatty acid alpha-oxidation (Guo 2010)
  • role in adipocyte lipogenesis possibly by modulation of raft fluidity and level of SLC2A4 (Guo 2010)
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism energetic
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) SDWHD , SPG35
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • FA2H-siRNA in cultured human keratinocytes suppressed 2-hydroxylase activity and decreased 2-hydroxyceramide/2-hydroxyglucosylceramide levels in keratinocytes and contained abnormal epidermal lamellar bodies and did not form the normal extracellular lamellar membranes
  • FA2H-deficient (FA2H(-/-)) mice lacked 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids in the brain and in peripheral nerves while nonhydroxylated galactosylceramide is increased
  • 18-month-old FA2H(-/-) mice, however, exhibited scattered axonal and myelin sheath degeneration in the spinal cord and an even more pronounced loss of stainability of myelin sheaths in sciatic nerves