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FLASH GENE

Symbol

KRT19

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 31-03-2016

HGNC name	keratin 19
HGNC id	6436

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in

(based on citations)

organ(s)

System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive intestine large intestine colon   highly   liver       moderately Endocrine pancreas       predominantly Lymphoid/Immune thymus       lowly Reproductive female system ovary     highly   female system placenta     highly   female system breast mammary gland   predominantly Skin/Tegument skin appendages nails         skin appendages hair follicle     Visual eye       highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Epithelial barrier/lining retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)   highly Epithelial secretory glandular endocrine moderately Epithelial sensory olfactory   moderately Epithelial sensory gustatory

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Gustatory basal cell Olfactory basal cell

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo

Text	tissue at a moderately level

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES		acid
STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	conserved central rod domain, with four helical domains (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B) interrupted by non alpha helical linkers (L1, 2, 3)
	the homology domain H1, by variable region (V1, V2) and end sequences (E1, E2)
	lacking the C-terminal tail domain

mono polymer

heteromer , tetramer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to rattus Krt1-19 (82.00 pc)
	homolog to murine Krt19 (82.75 pc)

Homologene

FAMILY	intermediate filament family
	type I keratin family

CATEGORY

structural protein

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,intermed filament

basic FUNCTION	involved in the organization of myofibers
	playing a role in the structural integrity of epithelial cells
	associated with KRT8, helping to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle
	keratin filaments containing KRT19- and desmin-based intermediate filaments can likely play independent, complementary, or antagonistic roles in the physiology and morphology of fast-twitch skeletal muscle
	CASP14 emerged as a marker of human skin differentiation during development, while KRT19 marked the germinative epithelial layers in the fetal epidermis and appendages and possibly the nests of epidermal stem cells
	smallest known type I intermediate filament, used as a marker for reverse transcriptase PCR-mediated detection of disseminated tumors
	is a potential tumor suppressor that negatively regulates AKT1 signaling through modulation of EGR1 nuclear localization

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	PNN
	DMD
	HCV
	PLS1 interacts with KRT19, possibly contributing to anchoring the rootlets to the keratin network
	KRT19 phosphorylated by AKT1 could bind ERBB2 on the plasma membrane and stabilized ERBB2 via inhibition of proteasome-mediated degradation of ERBB2

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --other   aberrantly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma expressing having a higher rate of recurrence

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	both KRT19 and ANXA8 mRNA may be useful markers for detecting lymph node metastases in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) patients
	sensitive marker to identify yolk sac tumours of the testis and to distinguish them from other germ cell tumours, especially seminomas and embryonic carcinomas
	used as a biomarker for the detection of disseminated tumors
	KRT19 expression can be used as a prognostic marker in breast cancer
	high levels of fecal KRT19 mRNA represent a potential marker for colorectal malignancy and for aggressive treatment of younger CRC patients
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of mice lacking keratin 19 (K19) lose costameres, accumulate mitochondria under the sarcolemma, and generate lower specific tension than controls