| Type | Gene Modification | Chromosome rearrangement | Protein expression | Protein Function
|
|---|
| tumoral
|
|
|
|
|
|
in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, by promoter hypermethylation |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
through DNA hypermethylation in several types of malignant tissues |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in terminally differentiated cells of normal mucosal tissues and all adenoma tissues |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
in colon cancer cell lines  |
| tumoral
|
|
|
| loss of function
|
|
undergoes frequent epigenetic inactivation due to aberrant DNA hypermethylation in gastric cancers, and its altered expression is associated with the malignant progression of tumors |
| tumoral
|
|
| --low
|
|
|
in testicular cancer tissues |
| constitutional
|
|
| --over
|
|
|
in the endothelial cells in some diseased kidneys to promote podocyte injury, likely through a paracrine effect |
