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FLASH GENE
Symbol TDP1 contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 27-11-2015
HGNC name tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1
HGNC id 18884
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • two unusual HKD signature motifs
  • two PLD phosphodiesterase domains
  • mono polymer monomer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Tdp1
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • phospholipase D superfamily
  • tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , DNA associated
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • a fraction of the TDP1 encoded by the nuclear TDP1 gene localizes to mitochondria
  • basic FUNCTION
  • involved in repairing covalent topo-isomerase 1-DNA complexes
  • remove glycolate from single-stranded DNA containing a 3'- phosphoglycolate, suggesting a role in repair of
  • free-radical mediated DNA double-strand breaks
  • required for repair of chromosomal single-strand breaks arising independently of DNA replication from abortive top1 activity or oxidative stress
  • playing a role in the repair of DNA damage mediated by topoisomerase II
  • required for neural homeostasis
  • critical for DNA chromosomal single-strand breaks repair in primary neural cells and required to prevent progressive cerebellar atrophy
  • hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond between a tyrosyl moiety and a DNA 3prime-end
  • playing a role in repair of 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA double-strand breaks (Zhou 2009)
  • its optimal function requires its phosphorylation by ATM and/or (Das 2009)
  • required for efficient repair of oxidative damage in mitochondrial DNA, and is a novel mitochondrial enzyme
  • role of TDP1 in protecting against oxidative DNA damage in mitochondria
  • involvement of TOP1, TDP1 , and single-strand break repair (SSBR) in modulating transcription-dependent CAG repeat contractions
  • TDP1 and TDP2 fulfil overlapping roles following TOP1-induced DNA damage, but not following TOP2A-induced DNA damage
  • role of cytoplasmic TDP1 is the repair of mitochondrial DNA lesions arising from oxidative stress
  • role of TDP1 and APTX in mitochondrial DNA repair
  • not only excises trapped topoisomerases I (Top1 in the nucleus and Top1mt in mitochondria), but also repairs oxidative damage-induced 3'-phosphoglycolates and alkylation damage-induced DNA breaks
  • catalyzes the repair of 3prime-DNA adducts, such as the 3prime-phosphotyrosyl linkage of DNA topoisomerase I to DNA
  • a role for TDP1 during the early stages of mammalian NHEJ (non-homologous end joining)
  • functional significance of PARP1 and TDP1 interaction in the process of DNA repair
  • DNA repair enzyme that removes irreversible protein-linked 3' DNA complexes, 3' phosphoglycolates, alkylation damage-induced DNA breaks, and 3' deoxyribose nucleosides
  • potential role of TDP1 in both canonical non-homologous end joining and alternative end joining, but not in the homologous recombination repair pathway
  • CELLULAR PROCESS nucleotide, repair
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
  • sequestered into multi-protein single-strand break repair (SSBR) complexes by direct interaction with DNA ligase III and that these complexes are catalytically inactive in SCAN1 cells
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • DNA ligase III
  • interacting with topoisomerase II
  • is a substrate for modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO
  • DNA repair partners of TDP1 include PARP1, XRCC1, ligase III and PNKP from the base excision repair (BER) pathway
  • active role of TDP1 in the repair of TOP2A-induced DNA damage
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other phosphorylation at S81 mediated by the protein kinases: ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and DNA-dependent protein kinase PRKDC (TDP1 post-translational regulation by ATM and PRKDC)
    S81 phosphorylation enhancing TDP1 interactions with XRCC1 and promotes the recruitment of TDP1 to DNA damage sites
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) SCAN1
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    sensitizes human cells to alkylation damage and the additional depletion of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease I (APE1) confers hypersensitivity above that observed for TDP1 or APE1 depletion alone
    Susceptibility To Tourette syndrome (TS)
    Variant & Polymorphism other
  • polymorphism at position rs28365054 in the TDP1 gene had a significant difference between the TS patients (AG genotype was a risk factor for TS)
  • Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS