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FLASH GENE
Symbol KSR1 contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 12-01-2012
HGNC name kinase suppressor of ras 1
HGNC id 6465
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • one phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger
  • one protein kinase domain
  • conjugated PhosphoP
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Ksr1
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • protein kinase superfamily
  • TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm
    text
  • translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell surface in response to growth factor treatment
  • recruited to the plasma membrane by Ras activation
  • basic FUNCTION
  • functions as an essential scaffolding protein to coordinate the assembly of Raf-MEK-ERK complexes
  • promoting MEK and RAF phosphorylation and activity through assembly of an activated signaling complex
  • positive modulator of ras-MAP kinase signaling
  • molecular scaffold kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) regulating adipogenesis
  • protecting intestinal epithelium from TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis
  • mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase scaffold that enhances the activation of the MAP kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)
  • required for efficient NK-mediated cytolysis and polarization of cytolytic granules
  • recruited to the immunological synapse during T-cell activation and membrane recruitment of KSR1 is required for recruitment of active ERK to the synapse
  • plays a central role in determining the sensitivity of T-cell responses and is thus well positioned as a key control point
  • required for maximal ERK activation induced by growth factors and by some cytotoxic agents
  • playing a specific role in the cellular response to DNA interstrand cross-links
  • likely control point used to fine-tune T-cell responses during T-cell activation and differentiation, suggesting KSR1 as a key regulator of T-cell function and plasticity
  • despite a requirement for KSR1 for full ERK activation in thymocytes, full and efficient ERK activation is not essential for the majority of thymocyte selection events
  • functional protein kinase capable of serine autophosphorylation and direct phosphorylation of MAP2K1
  • KSR1 is a bona fide kinase whose activity is required to cooperate with RAF for the activation of MEK
  • may potentially phosphorylate MEK and this phosphorylation facilitates RAF1 phosphorylation of the activation loop
  • molecular scaffold of the RAF1/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade that enhances oncogenic RAS signaling
  • KSR1-dependent control of PPARGC1A- and ESRRA-dependent pathways that are necessary and sufficient for signaling by oncogenic HRAS to regulate metabolism and anchorage-independent growth
  • CELLULAR PROCESS protein, post translation
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text cell-cycle control
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    RAS signal transduction
    a component
  • KSR1, BRAF, and MEK form a ternary complex
  • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding, nucleotide,
  • ATP
  • ion Zn2+
  • protein
  • interacting with HSPCA/HSP90, YWHAB/14-3-3, CDC37, MAP2K/MEK, MARK3, PPP2R1A and PPP2CA
  • binding RAF and MAPK/ERK, in a Ras-dependent manner
  • binding to 14.3.3 proteins, prevents ths membrane localization of phosphorylated KSR1
  • interacting with activated MAPK3/MAPK1 at lipid rafts for PLA2G4A activation
  • modulates MAPK system sensitivity but not system output
  • binds each of the three ERK cascade components to facilitate pathway activation
  • MAP2K1 is a substrate of KSR1, and the catalytic activities of both proteins are required for eliciting cell survival responses downstream of TNF
  • regulates endometrial sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand by regulating CFLAR levels
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by EGF (epidermal growth factor)
    Other translocation regulated by CDC25C-associated kinase-1
    phosphorylated by MARK3
    dephosphorylated by PPP2CA
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    promote high, sustained ERK activation that phosphorylates and inhibits PPARG inhibiting adipogenesis
    tumoral     --over  
    in endometrial carcinoma (
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS