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FLASH GENE
Symbol CYGB contributors: mct - updated : 11-01-2015
HGNC name cytoglobin
HGNC id 16505
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
text four alternative transcripts altogether encoding 3 proteins (ACE/NCBI)
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
4 - 1951 - 190 - 2003 12718557
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Endocrineadrenal gland   highly
 neuroendocrinepituitary  highly
Nervousbrain   highly Homo sapiens
 braindiencephalonhypothalamus highly Homo sapiens
 brainlimbic systemhippocampus highly Homo sapiens
 braindiencephalonthalamus highly Homo sapiens
Visualeyeretina  highly Homo sapiens
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectivebone  highly
Epithelialbarrier liningretinal pigment epithelium (RPE)   Homo sapiens
Epithelialsensoryvisualganglion cell layer  Homo sapiens
Epithelialsensoryvisualinner nuclear layer  Homo sapiens
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Nervousneuron Homo sapiens
not specificfibroblast Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a hexacoordinated heme pocket similar to other pentacoordinated globin proteins
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to zebrafish cygb
    ortholog to murine Cygb
    Homologene
    FAMILY vertebrate globin family
    CATEGORY tumor suppressor , transport
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule
    intracellular,nucleus
    text
  • found in cytoplasm, along neurotubuli, in mitochondria and in the nucleus
  • basic FUNCTION
  • facilitating oxygen transport
  • in neuronal cells might be specifically induced under oxidative stress to protect them from death
  • functions as a tumor suppressor gene
  • NGB and CYGB may serve a neuroprotective role as scavengers of reactive oxygen species
  • expressed in the vasculature and regulates cell respiration and proliferation via nitric oxide dioxygenation
  • may potentially have a functional role in calcium-dependent events accompanying cardiac remodeling
  • protective function during conditions of oxydative stress
  • role in nitric oxide signalling for CYGB and involvement in sleep-wake cycling for CYGB and NGB
  • plays an important role in protection of the kidney against fibrosis via the amelioration of oxidative stress
  • binding of ferric cytoglobin to lipids and their subsequent transformation may be integral to the physiological function of cytoglobin, generating cell signalling lipid molecules under an oxidative environment
  • serves as a defensive mechanism against oxidative stress
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule metal binding,
    small heme binding O2+
    protein
  • CYGB suppressed key glucose metabolism factors including SLC2A1 and HK2 in TP53-dependent and -independent manners
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral        
    in oesophageal biopsies from tylotic patients (TOC)
    constitutional     --over  
    under hypoxic and/or ischemic conditions increases cell survival, suggesting possible protective roles through prevention of oxidative damage
    tumoral     --over  
    hypoxic up-regulation of CYGB/NGB in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines and tumor tissues
    tumoral     --low  
    in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, which was associated with promoter methylation
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    neurosensorialvisualretina
    should be considered when developing therapeutic strategies for treatment of hypoxia-related ocular diseases
    cancerbrainglioma/neuroblstoma
    modulating cytoglobin levels may be a promising treatment strategy for sensitizing human glioma cells to oxidative stress that is induced by ionizing radiation, certain chemotherapies and ischemia-reperfusion.
    miscelleaneousurinarychronic kidney disease
    might represent a good therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS