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FLASH GENE
Symbol SAMHD1 contributors: mct - updated : 09-07-2013
HGNC name SAM domain and HD domain 1
HGNC id 15925
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • a N-trerminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) and an HD domain occuring in tandem (SAMs are 65–70 AAs in length and can serve as protein-interaction modules mediating interactions with other SAM domain and non-SAM-domain–containing proteins) (Rice 2009)
  • several phosphorylation and N-myristoylation sites
  • an N-glycosylation site
  • an amidation site
  • a dGTP-regulated deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase
  • a C-terminal predicted phosphohydrolase HD (His···His-Asp···Asp) domain
  • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Ifng-induced gene Mg11
    homolog to murine Ifn-gamma induced protein
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • SAMHD1 family
  • CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     intracellular
    intracellular,nucleus
    text exclusively localized to the nucleus (Rice 2009)
    basic FUNCTION
  • may act as a negative regulator of the cell-intrinsic antiviral response
  • may act as a negative regulator of the immunostimulatory DNA response and may have a protective role in preventing self-activation of innate immunity
  • interferon-induced protein in human macrophages and dendritic cells
  • HIV-1 restriction factor that blocks early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells, and is the target of the lentiviral protein Vpx, which can relieve HIV-1 restriction
  • important roles in immunoregulation and cerebral vascular hemeostasis
  • antiretroviral protein expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle
  • may be the restriction factor that renders dendritic cells refractory to HIV-1 infection
  • through the putative nucleotidase activity, may degrade or prevent accumulation of HIV DNA
  • implicated in inhibition of HIV-1 infection in macrophages
  • potent deoxynucleoside GTP-stimulated triphosphohydrolase that converts deoxynucleoside triphosphates to the constituent deoxynucleoside and inorganic triphosphate
  • restricts HIV-1 replication by hydrolysing the majority of cellular dNTPs, thus inhibiting reverse transcription and viral complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis
  • HIV-1 restriction factor that is targeted by the HIV-2 accessory protein Vpx in myeloid lineage cells
  • SAMHD1, TREX1, and RNase H2 participate in a cellular nucleic acid metabolic pathway that overlaps the interferon-mediated innate antiviral and inflammatory responses
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
    cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) AGS5 , CVPI
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    in sensitive cells inhibits HIV-1 infection
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS