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FLASH GENE
Symbol CCL15 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 28-04-2020
HGNC name chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15
HGNC id 10613
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
STRUCTURE 3.97 kb     4 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked   status provisional
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
4 - 1487 12.24 113 - 2012 22147696
bicistronic transcript:includes the longer form of the downstream gene CCL14
4 - 1439 12.24 113 - 2012 22147696
bicistronic transcript: includes the shorter form of the downstream gene CCL14
4 - 1070 12.24 113 - 2012 22147696
monocistronic transcript
4 - 588 - 113 - 2012 22147696
EXPRESSION
Type widely
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Cardiovascularheart   highly
Digestiveintestine     Homo sapiens
 liver   lowly
Endocrinepancreas   lowly
Lymphoid/Immunespleen   highly
Respiratoryrespiratory tractbronchus  highly Homo sapiens
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Muscularsmoothciliary muscle   Homo sapiens
Muscularstriatumskeletal  
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveepithelial cell Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
physiological period pregnancy
Text lowly in placenta
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
HOMOLOGY
Homologene
FAMILY
  • intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
  • CATEGORY signaling cytokine
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    basic FUNCTION
  • inducing changes in intracellular calcium concentration in monocytes
  • may be chemoattracting immune cells into the plaques, inducing proinflammatory cytokine and producing thrombi by induction of tissue factor expression
  • exerts biological effects on a variety of cells, including monocytes (Shin 2005)
  • functions as an essential factor in the migration of monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils
  • pivotal roles of CCL15 in the regulation of the movement and development of eosinophils
  • role for constitutively expressed, epithelial-derived chemokines CCL14, CCL15 as antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal mucosa
  • CCL15 is a recently described chemo-attractant for neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes
  • potent chemoattractant for leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs)
  • CCL15 increased cell adhesion of human monocytes to ECs under static and shear-stress conditions
  • functional role of the TRIM47-SMAD4-CCL15 axis in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression
  • CELLULAR PROCESS cell migration & motility
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • CCR1, CCR3
  • interacting with CREB3 (Jang 2007)
  • CCL15 is a CC chemokine that binds to the CCR1 and CCR3
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    inhibited by NFKB (reducing chemotactic activity of CCL15)
    Other regulated by NF-kappaB (reported to be involved in the transcription of the CCL15 gene) (Shin 2005)
    regulated by AP-1 and NF-kappaB through MEK and JNK MAPK pathways in monocytoid cells (Shin 2005)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --over  
    in chronic renal failure (Richter 2006)
    constitutional     --over  
    in the lung tissue of Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP)patients
    tumoral     --over  
    much stronger in Hepatocellular Carcinoma tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues
    Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
    Variant & Polymorphism SNP increasing the risk of multiple sclerosis
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • may be a useful prognostic biomarker for Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP)
  • measurement of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC)from follicular adenoma (FA)
  • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    cancerdigestiveliver
    blockade of CCL15-CCR1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be an effective anticancer therapy
    immunologyinflammatory 
    CCR1 and CCL15 may be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases involving upregulation of cell adhesion molecules
    allergyasthm 
    targeting the production of CCL15 by Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) might reduce the inflammatory response within the airways of asthmatic patients
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS