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FLASH GENE

Symbol

CCL14

contributors: mct/npt - updated : 24-04-2020

HGNC name	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14
HGNC id	10612

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed variant 1 - - 1344 isoform 1 - 93 - 2015 26155942 lack exon 3 NM_032962 8 splicing 579 NP_116738 - 109 - 2015 26155942 also called CCL14b NM_032963 3 - 506 NP_116739 - 93 constitutively expressed in a large variety of tissues 2015 26155942 also called CCL14a inactive proform CCL14a(1-74) circulates in high concentrations in plasma, converted into CCL14a(9-74) by the proteases urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin and is a highly active agonist for the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 its activity might be regulated by stringent proteolytic activation and inactivation steps

EXPRESSION

Type

widely

expressed in	(based on citations)
organ(s)	System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive intestine         Homo sapiens Hearing/Equilibrium ear inner cochlea   highly Lymphoid/Immune spleen       highly Respiratory respiratory tract trachea     highly

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Connective adipose       Muscular striatum cardiac     Muscular striatum skeletal

cells

System Cell Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Digestive epithelial cell Homo sapiens

cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion	plasma

at STAGE

physiological period

embryo, fetal

Text	eye lens retina, foveal and macular, anterior segment, RPE, choroid
	abundant in endometrial vasculature, epithelial, and decidual cells (Hannan 2008)

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains

N-terminal processing and modification might be of importance in displaying its full biological activity (Richter 2000)

isoforms

Precursor

HOMOLOGY

Homologene

FAMILY

intercrine beta family (small cytokine C-C) (chemokine CC)

CATEGORY

signaling cytokine

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular

basic FUNCTION	induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes
	having natural ability, upon proteolytic processing of the first eight N-terminal residues, to bind to and signal through the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) co-receptor, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)(Blain 2007)
	ability of CCL14 to monomerize can play a role for cellular activation (Blain 2007)
	promote trophoblast migration (having direct effects with CX3CL1 on trophoblast adhesion molecules and ECM, suggesting mechanisms by which trophoblast cells migrate during early pregnancy)(Hannan 2008)
	role for constitutively expressed, epithelial-derived chemokines CCL14, CCL15 as antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal mucosa
	is a chemokine promoting the activation of immune cells
	plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer

CELLULAR PROCESS	cell life, proliferation/growth

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

signal transduction

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule

protein	KDM5B repressed the expression of CCL14, an epithelial derived chemokine, suppressing the angiogenic and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells
	KLK5 and KLK8 remove the N-terminal eight AAs from the proform thereby converting CCL14 to its active state

cell & other

REGULATION

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function tumoral     --low   in HCC tumor tissues compared with peritumor tissues tumoral     --over   in myeloma Bone marrow (BM) positively correlated with the percentage of BM-infiltrating macrophages

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	independent prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and upregulation of CCL14 is associated with a more favorable prognosis in patients with EOC
	is a potential prognostic biomarker that determines cancer progression and correlated with tumor immune cells infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Therapy target

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS