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| increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9) protein causes myopathy in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice  | |
suramin decreased creatine kinase in mdx mice and attenuated fibrosis in all muscles studied, except for cardiac muscle |
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severe muscle phenotype observed in mdx/mTRG2 animals is caused by defects in muscle stem cells function (MUSC), demonstrating that progressive loss of MUSC reserve plays a major role in determining the severity of the dystrophic phenotype |
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mice lacking utrophin and dystrophin (mdx/utrn -/-) are severely affected and die prematurely |
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altered acetylcholine release in the hippocampus of dystrophin-deficient mice |
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