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FLASH GENE

Symbol

TXNRD1

contributors: mct - updated : 19-10-2022

HGNC name	thioredoxin reductase 1
HGNC id	12437

FLASH GENE DNA RNA EXPRESSION PROTEIN DISORDER ANIMAL & CELL MODELS

DNA

TYPE	functioning gene
STRUCTURE	134.53 kb     16 Exon(s)

10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study

regulatory sequence	Promoter
	cytosine-phosphate-guanine/HTF
	Binding site
text structure	Sp1, Oct-1, Sp3 binding sites
	AU-rich element (ARE)

MAPPING

cloned

Y

linked

status

confirmed

RNA

TRANSCRIPTS	type	messenger

identification nb exons type bp product Protein kDa AA specific expression Year Pubmed NM_003330 15 splicing 3847 NP_003321 60 551 - 2015 26464515 longest transcript a 15 exons variant containing exon 1a (longer than 1b) encoding for isoform 1 NM_182742 14 splicing 3737 NP_877419 54 499 - 2015 26464515 a 14 exons variant containing exon 1a (longer than 1b) lacking exon 2 encoding for the same isoform 2 as variants 3 & 4 NM_182729 15 splicing 3610 variant 3 54 499 - 2015 26464515 a 15 exons variant containing exon 1b (shorter than 1a) encoding for the same isoform 2 as variants 2 & 4 NM_182743 14 splicing 3500 NP_877420 54 499 - 2015 26464515 a 14 exons variant containing exon 1b (shorter than 1a) lacking exon 2 encoding for the same isoform 2 as variants 2 & 3 NM_001093771 17 - 3860 NP_001087240 - 649 expressed primarily in the testis 2015 26464515 NM_001261445 15 - 3932 NP_001248374 - 549 - 2015 26464515 NM_001261446 14 - 3487 NP_001248375 - 461 - 2015 26464515

EXPRESSION

Type	ubiquitous

expressed in

(based on citations)

organ(s)

System Organ level 1 Organ level 2 Organ level 3 Organ level 4 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Cardiovascular vessel       highly Digestive esophagus       highly   liver       moderately   mouth       highly Lymphoid/Immune thymus       highly Nervous brain       moderately Reproductive female system uterus cervix   moderately   male system testis     highly Respiratory lung       moderately   respiratory tract trachea     predominantly Skin/Tegument skin       moderately Urinary kidney       moderately

tissue

System Tissue Tissue level 1 Tissue level 2 Level Pubmed Species Stage Rna symbol Connective adipose     moderately

cell lineage

cell lines

fluid/secretion

at STAGE

PROTEIN

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE

motifs/domains	a NADPH-binding domain
	a FAD-binding domain

mono polymer

homomer , dimer

HOMOLOGY

interspecies	homolog to rattus Txnrd1 (90.78 pc)
	homolog to murine Txnrd1 (91.58 pc)

Homologene

FAMILY

pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase class-1 family

CATEGORY

enzyme , signaling

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION	extracellular
	intracellular
	intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
	intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
	intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm

basic FUNCTION	key enzyme in the regulation of the intracellular redox environment
	mitochondrial TXNRD3 is much less dependent upon the use of selenocysteine (Sec) for the reduction of small molecules, as TXNRD1
	role of TXNRD1 gene in modulating physical decline at extreme ages, further supporting the investigation of thioredoxin pathway in relation to the quality of human aging.
	suppresses anabolic metabolism and adipogenesis by inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways downstream of insulin stimulation
	is an essential selenium-containing enzyme involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling
	overexpression of the cytosolic form, TXNRD1, did not produce a lifespan extension in males flies
	selenium-dependent oxidoreductases TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 should be considered as key components of signaling pathways that control cell differentiation and cellular stress responses
	is a key regulator involved in the ferroptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells induced by cysteine depletion
	TXNRD1 is an essential component of the thioredoxin system, a major disulfide reducing system that modulates multiple cellular processes such as antioxidant response, apoptosis, and cell proliferation

CELLULAR PROCESS

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS

PATHWAY

metabolism

signaling

signal transduction

a component

INTERACTION

DNA

RNA

small molecule	cofactor,
	FAD
	NADP

protein

cell & other

REGULATION

repressed by

estradiol

ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

corresponding disease(s)

Other morbid association(s)

Type Gene Modification Chromosome rearrangement Protein expression Protein Function constitutional     --low   may be one putative cause for glucocorticoid resistance in alopecia areata, through the impact on intracellular redox system tumoral     --over   in HCC tissues and cells, and tumor with significantly shorter survival time constitutional germinal mutation       in generalized epilepsy

Susceptibility

Variant & Polymorphism

Candidate gene
Marker	biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC
Therapy target
	System Type Disorder Pubmed cancer hemopathy   cysteine depletion serves as a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemotherapy resistance chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

ANIMAL & CELL MODELS