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FLASH GENE
Symbol RRAS contributors: mct/npt/pgu - updated : 27-09-2015
HGNC name related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog
HGNC id 10447
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 4.85 kb     6 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
regulatory sequence Promoter
Binding site
text structure
  • tow Ets and one Sp1 binding motifs in the -727/-476 region of the promoter, GABP binding this region is critical for transcription of RRAS
    • MAPPING cloned Y linked   status confirmed
    Map tightly linked to a full size LTR of human endogenous retroviruses HERV-K
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    6 - 1013 23.3 218 - 2011 21660952
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularvessel   moderately Homo sapiensAdult
    Digestivemouthtongue  highly
    Reproductivemale systemprostate  highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Connectivebone   
    Muscularstriatumskeletal  
    cells
    SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularendothelial cell Homo sapiensAdult
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to murine Rras
    intraspecies homolog to Ras oncogene
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins
    • CATEGORY enzyme , protooncogene
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION
    basic FUNCTION
  • small intracellular GTPase, regulating the binding of integrins to their ligands, outside the cells
  • regulating cell survival and integrin activity
  • playing a role as a regulator of vascular differentiation that primarily affects the remodeling of blood vessels
  • promotes tumor growth of cervical epithelial cells and increasing their migration potential over collagen through a pathway that involves PI3K
  • activation of RRA promotes the formation of focal adhesions and a spreas cell shape
  • R-Ras promotes focal adhesion formation by signaling to FAK and p130(Cas)
  • GTPase activity
  • playing a key role in cell migration by locally regulating ths swith from Rac to Rho activity after membrane protrusion and adhesion
  • RRas controls axon specification upstream of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta through integrin-linked kinase
  • important regulatory module in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia
  • is a critical regulator of RAC1 signaling required for hematopoietic progenitor cells migration, homing, and mobilization
  • role in cell-mediated immunity, and potentially in dendritic cell maturation
  • essential roles in axon formation and guidance
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
  • signaling pathway downstream of RRAS that controls axon branching
    • a component
  • RRas/RIN2/RAB5A complex controls endothelial cell adhesion and morphogenesis via active integrin endocytosis and RAC1 signaling
    • INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • OSBPL3 interacts with RRAS, a small GTPase regulating cell adhesion, spreading and migration
  • FAM38A is a novel spatial regulator of RRAS, an alternative integrin activation-suppression pathway based on direct relocalisation of RRAS to the ER
  • DHHC19 failed to increase the palmitoylation of HRAS, NRAS, but increased the palmitoylation of RRAS approximately two-fold
  • in melanoma cells RRAS and FLNA may cooperatively promote metastasis by enhancing cell migration
  • in endothelial cells endogenous RRAS interacts with endogenous FLNA, to maintain endothelial barrier function
  • MLLT4 interacting with RRAS in cortical neurons during the stage of axonal development
  • RIN2 is a key effector that in endothelial cells interacts with and mediates the pro-adhesive and -angiogenic activity of RRAS
  • RIN2 connects three GTPases, RRAS, RAB5A and RAC1, to promote endothelial cell adhesion through the regulation of integrin internalization and RAC1 activation
  • regulates transendothelial permeability in synergy with RRAS and CDH5 in an endothelial monolayer
  • RALBP1 acts as a scaffold at recycling endosomes by binding activated RRAS, recruiting CYTH2 to activate ARF6, thereby contributing to cell spreading and migration
  • ERK1/2-induced phosphorylation of RRAS and RRAS2 GTPases stimulates their oncogenic potential
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    activated by ZEB1 to suppress angiogenesis
    Other phosphorylated by EPHR1 and no longer supporting integrin activity
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional       gain of function
    when bone marrow progenitors are induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • may serve as a novel prognostic marker for biliary atresia
    • Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • murine Rras(-/-) DCs have attenuated capacity to spread on fibronectin and form stable immunologic synapses with T cells