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FLASH GENE
Symbol TGFB2 contributors: mct - updated : 28-01-2025
HGNC name transforming growth factor, beta 2
HGNC id 11768
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • precursor protein containing a N terminal LAP (latency associated peptide) sequence
  • EGF repeats
  • a C terminal TGFB sequence
    • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    isoforms Precursor a 112 amino acids mature peptide (12.7 kDa)
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to rattus Tgfb2 (95.17 pc)
    homolog to murine Tgfb2 (95.41 pc)
    Homologene
    FAMILY TGF beta superfamily
    CATEGORY signaling cytokine growth factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    basic FUNCTION
  • having suppressing effects on interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth
  • antagonist of BMP7 in human trabecular meshwork cells
  • TGFB2 and hyaluronan signals are integrated to regulate changes in epicardial cell behavior
  • increases extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells via activation of the Smad signaling pathway
  • TGFB2, GREM1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are known to play important roles in the induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis
  • Müller cells release TGFB2, inhibiting the proliferation of retinal endothelial cells via activation of Smad2/Smad3 and attenuation of ERK signaling
  • TGFB2 is likely to be acting as a critical factor in axial elongation and development of myopia
  • TGFB2 is a target gene of SOX21
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
  • via the SMAD (MADH2 or MADH3-MADH4) complex
  • importance of SOX21-TGFB2 signaling in iris development and control of eye growth
    • a component forming a small latent complex by disulfide binding between TGFB dimer and the propeptide dimer TGFbeta 1 latency associated polypeptide (LAP)
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • IL2 suppressor of IL-2 dependent T cell growth
  • PAX3 regulates TGFbeta2 by directly binding to cis-regulatory elements on its promoter
  • interacting with CDKN2A (TGFB2 and CDKN2A act in a linear pathway during embryonic development)
  • HOXA10 target gene (HOXA10 activated TGFB2 transcription by interacting with tandem cis elements in the promoter)
  • GREM1 also induces both TGFB2 and CTGF, which can act downstream to mediate some of these ECM changes in trabecular meshwork (TM)cells
  • SDC2 modulates TGFB2 transcriptional regulation via Smad signaling to facilitate fibrosarcoma cell adhesion
  • regulates hypothalamic TRH expression through the TGFbeta inducible early gene-1 (KLF10) during fetal development
  • HOXB7 promotes tumor progression in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner through activation of the TGFb2 signaling pathway
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    induced by resveratrol (a polyphenolic compound found in the skin of red fruits)
    inhibited by CNTN2 (CNTN2 inhibits TGFbeta2-mediated neuronal cell death via APP by attenuating the binding of TGFbeta2 to APP in a gamma-secretase-independent manner, which may contribute to the onset and the progression of Alzheimer disease-relevant neuronal cell death)
    Other regulated by cytokines (may be responsible for the biological behaviour)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s) LDS4
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • Tgfb2-null mice die shortly after birth and have ascending aortas that are comparatively small and thin walled and other development defects involving the heart, lung, craniofacial, limb, spinal column, eye, inner ear and urogenital systems