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FLASH GENE
Symbol APOA4 contributors: mct - updated : 17-02-2017
HGNC name apolipoprotein A-IV
HGNC id 602
Location 11q23.3      Physical location : 116.691.417 - 116.694.011
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
SPECIAL FEATURE component of a cluster
STRUCTURE 2.59 kb     3 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked Y status confirmed
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
3 - 1460 46 396 - 2015 25733664
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestine    Homo sapiens
 liver   predominantly
 stomach   moderately
Nervousbraindiencephalonhypothalamus   Homo sapiens
Urinarykidneytubule    Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • central domain that adopts an elongated helical structure dimerizing via two long reciprocating helices, and a striking feature is the alignment of conserved proline residues across the dimer interface
    • HOMOLOGY
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY regulatory , transport carrier
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytosolic
    text
  • chylomicron
    • basic FUNCTION
  • involved in the catabolism of chylomicrons and VLDL
  • produced by neuronal cells, may exert its anorectic action by interacting with catabolic regulatory neuropeptides
  • regulates chylomicron metabolism-mechanism and function
  • secreted by the small intestine in response to fat absorption
  • APOA4 modulates diurnal changes in lipid absorption by regulating forkhead transcription factors and MTTP and inhibition of APOA4 expression might reduce plasma lipids
  • lipid emulsifying protein linked to a range of protective roles in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text
  • lipid transport
    • PATHWAY
    metabolism lipid/lipoprotein
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • APOA4 is a true target gene of CREB3 in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs)
  • reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis through nuclear receptor NR1D1
  • CREB3L3 directly controls APOA4 expression through two tandem CREBH binding sites (5'-CCACGTTG-3') located on the promoter, which are conserved
  • NR1D1, is a cofactor in APOA4-mediated downregulation of gluconeogenesis, and APOA4-induced increase in NR4A1 expression in hepatocytes mediates further repression of gluconeogenesis
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other APOA4 is regulated directly by PPARA via the -2979/-2967 PPAR response element (PPRE)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    constitutional     --over  
    in follicular fluid from Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients compared with those from normal controls
    Susceptibility to low HDL-cholesterol
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • association of APOA4 with disease activity in patients with Crohn disease
    • Therapy target
    SystemTypeDisorderPubmed
    diabetetype 1 
    APOA4 may provide a therapeutic target for the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and treatment of diabetes
    neurologyneurodegenerativealzheimer
    enhancing levels of APOA4 may have therapeutic potential in AD treatment
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • the expressions of Apoa4-AS and Apoa4 are both abnormally elevated in the liver of ob/ob mice and patients with fatty liver disease