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FLASH GENE
Symbol MARK2 contributors: mct/pgu - updated : 07-12-2022
HGNC name MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2
HGNC id 3332
DNA
TYPE functioning gene
STRUCTURE 70.16 kb     18 Exon(s)
10 Kb 5' upstream gene genomic sequence study
MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
RNA
TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
- - 2784 77.5 691 - 1998 9730619
19 - 2965 83 745 - 1998 9730619
18 - 4556 81.07 724 - 1998 9730619
18 - 4748 - 788 - 1998 9730619
17 - 4340 - 719 - 1998 9730619
16 - 4310 - 709 - 1998 9730619
EXPRESSION
Type ubiquitous
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Lymphoid/Immunethymus   highly
Nervousbrain   highly
Reproductivemale systemtestis  highly Homo sapiens
Respiratoryrespiratory tractlarynx  highly
cells
SystemCellPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
ReproductiveSertoli cell Homo sapiens
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) domain, attached via a taut linker to the large lobe of the kinase domain and leans against a hydrophobic patch on the small lobe
  • mono polymer homomer , dimer
    HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Emk1 (ELKL Motif Kinase)
    Homologene
    FAMILY
  • Par-1 protein kinases family
  • CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family
  • microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/Par-1 family
  • CATEGORY enzyme , receptor membrane serine/threonine
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,membrane
    intracellular,cytoplasm,cytoskeleton,microtubule
    intracellular,nucleus,nucleoplasm
    text membrane accumulation of MARK2 induced by DVL1L1 is regulated by its phosphorylation status, which is important for MARK2 to regulate the microtubule dynamics
    basic FUNCTION
  • potentially involved in the control of cell polarity
  • involved in microtubule stability and cancer
  • adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathway
  • phosphorylates tau protein at sites that cause detachment from microtubules in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration
  • conserved kinase that plays crucial roles in cell polarity
  • specifically regulates development of dendrites in hippocampal neurons
  • with MARK3, phosphorylate class IIa HDACs on one of their multiple 14-3-3 binding sites and alter their subcellular localization and repressive function
  • negatively regulates dendrite development through phosphorylation of MAP2
  • MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4 phosphorylate MAPT in its repeat domain and thereby regulate its affinity for microtubules and affect the aggregation of tau into Alzheimer paired helical filaments
  • regulates axon formation via phosphorylation of a kinesin superfamily protein KIF13B
  • potentially a positive regulator for lipogenesis in adipocytes and hepatocytes
  • plays key roles in the development of cell polarity
  • may contribute to cell polarization by regulating the turnover of ARHGEF2 at microtubules
  • appears to regulate cell polarization via several microtubule-associating proteins, such as KIF13B and ARHGEF2
  • is thought to regulate microtubule dynamics by inhibiting microtubule binding of microtubule-associated proteins
  • potential novel function in the maintenance of mature dendritic spine morphology by regulating microtubule growth and the accumulation of SRCIN1 in dendritic spines
  • ROCK1/MARK2-dependent regulation of basement membrane placement is required for the coordination of tissue polarity and the elaboration of tissue structure in the developing submandibular salivary gland
  • MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4 are implicated in phosphorylation of tau protein, causing formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (AD)
  • has a substantial role in regulation of vital cellular processes like induction of polarity, regulation of cell junctions, cytoskeleton structure and cell differentiation
  • role for MARK2 in maintaining the spindle at the cell's geometric center
  • role in correcting mitotic spindle off-centring induced by actin disassembly
  • MARK2 and MARK4 regulate Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB) Dynamics through microtubule and actin cytoskeletons
  • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
  • PRKCD-MARK2-EIF2A cascade that may play a critical role in cellular proteotoxic stress responses and human diseases
  • a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • interacts with CDK16
  • binds to the C-terminal part of WEE1
  • interacts with SSH1
  • interacting with FLOT2 (binds to MARK2, a known upstream mediator of major signal transduction pathways implicated in cell growth and metastasis, and may thereby influence tumor progression)
  • MARK2 is negatively regulated by PAK7, a neuronal member of the p21-activated kinase family
  • RAB11FIP2 is phosphorylated on serine 227 by MARK2, regulating an alternative pathway modulating the establishment of epithelial polarity
  • substrate for ARHGEF2
  • GAB1 brings MARK2 and PARD3 into a transient complex, stimulating PARD3 phosphorylation by MARK2
  • increase in MAPT phosphorylation at Ser262 through MARK2 contributes to MAPT-mediated neurodegeneration under a pathological condition in which axonal mitochondria is depleted
  • polarity regulator MARK2 kinase phosphorylates CAMSAP1 and affects its ability to bind to microtubules (MTs), which in turn changes the protection of MT minus-ends
  • MARK2 phosphorylates EIF2A in response to proteotoxic stress
  • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and another arm of the PKC pathway, one that involves novel PKCs (nPKC) and protein kinase D
    regulated by 14-3-3 scaffolding proteins, as well as the LKB1 tumour suppressor kinase and atypical protein kinase C (PKC)
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS
  • in Par-1b null mice, decrease in the adipose tissue due to decreases in total adipocyte cell number, not cell size
  • Par-1b/Par-1a double mutants are not viable, and at least one allele is necessary for embryonic survival