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FLASH GENE
Symbol TMEFF2 contributors: mct - updated : 20-12-2011
HGNC name transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2
HGNC id 11867
EXPRESSION
Type restricted
   expressed in (based on citations)
organ(s)
SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Digestiveintestinesmall intestine   
Nervousbraindiencephalonhypothalamus highly Homo sapiens
 brainlimbic systemhippocampusdentate gyrushighly Homo sapiens
Reproductivemale systemprostate  highly Homo sapiens
tissue
SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
Connectiveadipose   
Connectivebone   
cell lineage
cell lines
fluid/secretion
at STAGE
PROTEIN
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
motifs/domains
  • N terminal signal peptide,
  • putative extracellular domain with signal peptide,
  • two follistatin-like and EGF-like domains,followed by a transmembrane region, including two potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites
  • a cytosolic tail G protein activating motif
  • TMEFF2 ectodomain promoting cell growth
    • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies homolog to murine Tmeff2
    Homologene
    FAMILY EGF/neurogulin family of growth factors
    CATEGORY tumor suppressor , signaling growth factor
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION extracellular
        plasma membrane
    text
  • type I transmembrane protein
  • localization to the membrane but also to the cytoplasm, where it appears in a punctate pattern
    • basic FUNCTION
  • potential survival factors for hippocampal and mesencephalic neurons
  • silencing of TMEFF2 by methylation increase probability of neoplastic transformation
  • androgen-regulated gene exhibiting antiproliferative effects in prostate cancer cells
  • having tumor suppressive and pro-apoptotic activity (
  • its tumor suppressor activity requires the cytoplasmic/transmembrane portion of the protein and correlates with its ability to bind to SARDH and to modulate the level of sarcosine
  • modulates SARDH activity to promote changes in cell growth and/or invasion
  • TMEFF1 and TMEFF2 could be playing similar roles in different tissues and/or developmental stages
  • can function to regulate PDGF signaling and is hypermethylated and downregulated in glioma and several other cancers, thereby suggesting an important role for this protein in the etiology of cancers
    • CELLULAR PROCESS cell life, antiapoptosis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    text antiapoptosis for hippocampal including dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • activation of the STAT1 pathway likely represents the principal mediator of its tumor suppressive properties (
  • interaction of SARDH with TMEFF2
  • interacts with PDGFA through its extracellular domain
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    Other regulated by androgens
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Other morbid association(s)
    TypeGene ModificationChromosome rearrangementProtein expressionProtein Function
    tumoral     --low  
    by hypermethylation in sporadic colorectal and bladder cancer and in ulcerative colitis associated colorectal carcinoma
    tumoral     --over  
    in androgen-dependent prostate cancer
    tumoral     --low  
    in brain cancers and is negatively correlated with PDGFA expression
    tumoral     --low  
    silencing by methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    Susceptibility
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
  • methylated SFRP2 and TMEFF2 detected in 94.2 p100, and 71.2 p100 of colorecal cancer (CRC), and methylation testing of fecal DNA may be a simple and promising non-invasive screening method for CRC and precancerous lesions
    • Therapy target immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS