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FLASH GENE
Symbol TRAK2 contributors: mct/npt - updated : 05-05-2017
HGNC name trafficking protein, kinesin binding 2
HGNC id 13206
Location 2q33.1      Physical location : 202.241.930 - 202.316.319
Synonym name
  • GABA(A) receptor interacting factor 1, rat ortholog
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) chromosome region, candidate 3
  • gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor-interacting factor
  • milton homolog 2
    • Synonym symbol(s) GRIF1, KIAA0549, CALS-C, ALS2CR3, OIP98, GRIF-1, MILT2
    DNA
    TYPE functioning gene
    STRUCTURE 74.39 kb     16 Exon(s)
    MAPPING cloned Y linked N status provisional
    regionally located close or overlapping to ALS2CR2
    RNA
    TRANSCRIPTS type messenger
    identificationnb exonstypebpproduct
    ProteinkDaAAspecific expressionYearPubmed
    16 - 6527 101 914 only expressed in excitable tissues, i.e. brain, heart, and skeletal muscle 2002 12034717
    - - 45745 - 469 widely 2002 12034717
    C-terminally truncated form
    EXPRESSION
    Type ubiquitous
       expressed in (based on citations)
    organ(s)
    SystemOrgan level 1Organ level 2Organ level 3Organ level 4LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Cardiovascularheart   highly
    Nervousbrain   highly
     spinal cord   highly
    tissue
    SystemTissueTissue level 1Tissue level 2LevelPubmedSpeciesStageRna symbol
    Blood / Hematopoieticbone marrow   
    Nervouscentral   
    cell lineage
    cell lines
    fluid/secretion
    at STAGE
    PROTEIN
    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    STRUCTURE
    motifs/domains
  • coiled coil domains
  • a HAP1 N-terminal domain
  • a Miro-binding domain (TRAK2-MBD)
    • HOMOLOGY
    interspecies ortholog to rat Grif1
    ortholog to drosophila Milton
    intraspecies homolog to Huntingtin associated protein HAP1
    Homologene
    FAMILY
    CATEGORY regulatory
    SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION     plasma membrane
        intracellular
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,mitochondria
    intracellular,cytoplasm,organelle,endosome
    intracellular,nucleus
    text colocalization with HGS on early endosomes
    basic FUNCTION
  • targeting OGT to GABA receptor
  • playing a role in protein and/or organelle transport in excitable cells in a manner analogous to glutamate receptor-interacting-protein 1
  • acting as a kinesin adaptor molecule requisite for the anterograde delivery of defined cargoes such as mitochondria and/or vesicles incorporating beta2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors, in the brain
  • involved in protein trafficking and signal transduction that might be relevant to, for example, the processing of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta-production
  • a role for TRAK2 as a kinesin adaptor molecule requisite for the anterograde delivery of defined cargoes such as mitochondria and/or vesicles incorporating beta2 subunit-containing GABA-A receptors, in the brain
  • regulator of endosome-to-lysosome trafficking, that may also participate in microtubule-based transport of early endosomes by acting as an adaptor linking HGS-containing endosomes to kinesin
  • new regulator of endosome-to-lysosome trafficking
  • may also participate in microtubule-based transport of early endosomes by acting as an adaptor linking HGS-containing endosomes to kinesin
  • RHOT1 and TRAK2, play an important role in regulating mitochondrial transport in neurons
  • pivotal contribution of the endogenous TRAK family of kinesin adaptors TRAK1 and TRAK2 to the regulation of mitochondrial mobility
  • central role for TRAK1 and TRAK2 in mitochondrial trafficking mechanisms but suggesing that the contributions of each to the mediation and regulation of this transport may be distinct
  • TRAK1 and TRAK2, which link mitochondria to microtubule-based motors, are required for axonal and dendritic mitochondrial motility and utilize different transport machineries to steer mitochondria into axons and dendrites
  • pivotal role for TRAK1 and TRAK2 in the transport of mitochondria and in the intracellular transport of GABAA receptors
  • HAP1, TRAK1 and TRAK2 have a degree of common function, particularly regarding intracellular receptor trafficking
  • kinesin adaptor proteins, TRAK1 and TRAK2, play an important role in mitochondrial transport in neurons
  • controls mitochondrial transport in dendrites
  • in mature hippocampal and cortical neurons, TRAK1 predominantly mediates axonal mitochondrial transport whereas dendritic transport is mediated via TRAK2
    • CELLULAR PROCESS
    PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
    PATHWAY
    metabolism
    signaling signal transduction
    a component
    INTERACTION
    DNA
    RNA
    small molecule
    protein
  • targeting OGT to GABA(A)receptor for mediating GABA signalling cascades
  • interacts with GABA-A receptor and o-glcnac transferase
  • interacts with RHOT1/miro-1 and RHOT2/miro-2
  • association with kinesin in native brain and heart tissue
  • can bind to the tetrameric kinesin light-chain/kinesin heavy-chain complex
  • direct association between KIF5C C-terminal and TRAK2 N-terminal regions
  • interacts with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), an essential component of the endosomal sorting machinery
  • selective binding by TRAK1 and/or TRAK2 to different members of the kinesin transport family or to RHOT1 and RHOT2 may represent crucial regulatory points in controlling the traffic of mitochondrial cargoes in neurons
  • ARMCX3 expression levels regulate mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking in neurons, and interacts with the Kinesin/ROTH1, 2/TRAK2 complex in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner
  • TRAK2 predominantly interacts with dynein/dynactin, is more abundantly present in dendrites, and is required for dendritic development
  • DISC1 couples to the mitochondrial transport and fusion machinery via interaction with the outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase proteins RHOT1, RHOT2, the TRAK1 and TRAK2 mitochondrial trafficking adaptors, and the mitochondrial fusion proteins (mitofusins)
  • APC interactions with the mitochondrial kinesin-motor complex RHOT1/TRAK2 that were mediated by the APC C-terminus
    • cell & other
    REGULATION
    ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
    corresponding disease(s)
    Susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease
    Variant & Polymorphism
    Candidate gene
    Marker
    Therapy target
    ANIMAL & CELL MODELS